Milk soured with lemon juice and left to stand for ten minutes until it curdles. Two ingredients and no heat, and it is what to make when a recipe asks for buttermilk and there is none in the shop.
This is a substitute rather than the real thing, and it is worth being clear about that. Cultured buttermilk is fermented with bacteria over hours and has a thicker body and a more complex sourness. Milk soured with lemon juice gives you the acidity, which is what most recipes actually need it for: acid reacting with baking soda to make things rise, and acid tenderising a batter or a marinade. Ten minutes is enough. The milk will look separated and slightly lumpy and that is correct, not a sign that something went wrong. Do not strain it: the curds are part of what you are making. It works with any milk, though whole milk gives a thicker result than skimmed. White vinegar can replace the lemon juice in the same quantity.